DISTRIBUTION AND BEHAVIOUR OF DISSOLVED AND PARTICULATE Pb AND Zn IN JENEBERANG ESTUARY, MAKASSAR

ABSTRACTDissolved and particulate heavy metals play a role in geochemical cycle as an agent in adsorption-desorption, deposition-resuspension, and dispersion mechanisms of heavy metals in water environment. The objectives of this research were to determine the distribution and behaviour of dissolved and particulate heavy metals Pb and Zn in different seasons (west and east seasons) at Jeneberang Estuary of Makassar. Concentrations of Pb and Zn were analysed using Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometry based on APHA, AWWA, WEF (2005). The concentration of dissolved Pb in the riverine, estuarine, and marine waters were in the range (average) of <0.002 mg/L (below detectable limit), 0.013-0.144 mg/L (0.047 mg/L), 0.016-0.198 mg/L (0.079 mg/L); and the concen-tration of dissolved Zn were in the range (average) of <0.002 mg/L (below detectable limit), <0.002-0.014 mg/L (0.005 mg/L), <0.002-0.083 mg/L (0.017 mg/L). Meanwhile, the concentration of parti-culate Pb were in the range (average) of 1.807-2.569 mg kg-1 (2.215 mg kg-1), 0.521-1.272 mg kg-1 (0.911 mg kg-1), 0.465-2.182 mg kg-1 (1.033 mg kg-1), and the concentration of particulate Zn were in the range (average) of 19.151-90.942 mg kg-1 (51.710 mg kg-1), 16.999-63.059 mg kg-1 (31.694 mg   kg-1), 19.439-80.283 mg kg-1 (45.554 mg kg-1) in the riverine, estuarine and marine waters, respecti-vely. Behaviour of dissolved heavy metals Pb and Zn showed that the concentrations tended to increase (desorption) along the gradient of high salinity as a  result of the higher heavy metals input from coastal region than that riverine regimes.Keywords: distribution, behaviour, dissolved, particulate, heavy metal, Jeneberang Estuar

Simultaneous removal of lead, cadmium, and arsenic Ions from bivalve species using adsorption method

Bivalve such as blood cockle (Tegillarca granosa) feeds by filtering the suspended particle in water including heavy metals and eventually accumulate in the fleshes. Bivalve contaminated with heavy metals might be consumed by human which later could have been exposed to heavy metals toxicity. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of adsorption process towards the removal of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) ions from T. granosa. The findings found that the initial concentration of Pb and As in T. granosa exceeded the permissible limits set by WHO. To remove heavy metals from T. granosa, an adsorption procedure was carried out using lemon and mango peels as natural waste adsorbents. The presence of hydroxyl and carboxylic functional groups in mango and lemon peels was shown in FTIR spectra, which aided in the enhancement of the adsorption process. A series of tests were performed using various parameters such as dosage adsorbents, contact of time, and temperature of reaction. The highest removal percentages of Pb, Cd, and As in T. granosa using lemon peels were 59.65%, 88.89%, and 67.54% respectively. Meanwhile, the maximum removal from T. granosa using mango peels were 70.18% for Pb, 100% for Cd, and 84.71% for As. In conclusion, the adsorption process was effective in removing Pb, Cd, and As in T. granosa. Whereas both lemon peels and mango peels have ability to become effective naturals waste adsorbent in the adsorption process

Mapping ergonomics application to improve SMEs working condition in industrially developing countries: a critical review

In industrially developing countries (IDC), small and medium enterprises (SMEs) account for the highest proprotion of employment. Unfortunately, the working conditions in SMEs are often very poor and expose employees to a potentially wide range of health and safety risks. This paper presents a comprehensive review of 161 articles related to ergonomics application in SMEs, using Indonesia as a case study. The aim of this paper is to investigate the extent of ergonomics application and identify areas that can be improved to promote effective ergonomics for SMEs in IDC. The most urgent issue found is the need for adopting participatory approach in contrast to the commonly implemented top-down approach. Some good practices in ergonomics application were also revealed from the review, e.g. a multidisciplinary approach, unsophisticated and low-cost solutions, and recognising the importance of productivity. The review also found that more work is still required to achieve appropriate cross-cultural adaptation of ergonomics application. Practitioner Summary: Despite continuous efforts in addressing ergonomics issues in SMEs of IDC, workers are still exposed to poor work conditions. We reviewed factual-based evidence of current ergonomics application to inform future strategies of ergonomics in IDC, using Indonesia as a case study

Urban coral reefs: Degradation and resilience of hard coral assemblages in coastal cities of East and Southeast Asia

© 2018 The Author(s) Given predicted increases in urbanization in tropical and subtropical regions, understanding the processes shaping urban coral reefs may be essential for anticipating future conservation challenges. We used a case study approach to identify unifying patterns of urban coral reefs and clarify the effects of urbanization on hard coral assemblages. Data were compiled from 11 cities throughout East and Southeast Asia, with particular focus on Singapore, Jakarta, Hong Kong, and Naha (Okinawa). Our review highlights several key characteristics of urban coral reefs, including “reef compression” (a decline in bathymetric range with increasing turbidity and decreasing water clarity over time and relative to shore), dominance by domed coral growth forms and low reef complexity, variable city-specific inshore-offshore gradients, early declines in coral cover with recent fluctuating periods of acute impacts and rapid recovery, and colonization of urban infrastructure by hard corals. We present hypotheses for urban reef community dynamics and discuss potential of ecological engineering for corals in urban areas

Efektivitas Penggunaan Aplikasi M-Paspor: (Studi di Kantor Imigrasi Kelas I Non TPI Pati Tahun 2022)

Artikel ini mengkaji tentang efektivitas penggunaan Aplikasi M-Paspor sebagai salah satu cara alternatif dalam pembuatan paspor baru atau penggantian paspor lama, dengan studi kasus pada Kantor Imigrasi Kelas I Non TPI Pati Tahun 2022. Perkembangan teknologi informasi melalui e-government juga dimanfaatkan oleh Direktorat Jendral Imigrasi untuk melakukan perubahan pelayanan yang lebih baik. Pemerintah yang memiliki fungsi sebagai penyelenggara pelayanan publik dan seiring dengan tuntutan perkembangan globalisasi menjadi keharusan pemerintah melakukan perbaikan dalam pelayanan publik tersebut. Salah satunya ialah peluncuran aplikasi M-Paspor. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif untuk menghasilkan uraian yang mendalam tentang Efektivitas penggunaan aplikasi M-Paspor di Kantor Imigrasi Kelas 1 Non TPI Pati. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa efektivitas penggunaan aplikasi M-Paspor di Kantor Imigrasi Kelas I Non TPI Pati dilihat dari apa yang mendasari aplikasi ini dibuat sudah dapat dikatakan berjalan cukup baik. Hal itu terlihat dari beberapa faktor diantaranya adalah walaupun jumlah pemohon banyak, namun terjadinya kerumunan dapat diminimalisir. Selain itu terjadi penghematan waktu dalam prosedur pembuatan M-Paspor. Namun terkait efektifitas aplikasi M-Paspor ini juga masih terdapat beberapa kendala seperti kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat dalam menggunakan fasilitas online yang disediakan, sering terjadinya kesalahan dalam penginputan scan data yang tidak seharusnya dimasukkan ke dalam persyaratan pembuatan paspor atau pergantian paspor.   Kata Kunci: Efektivitas, Aplikasi M-Paspor     ABSTRACT This article examines the effectiveness of using the M-Passport Application as an alternative way of making a new passport or replacing an old passport, with a case study at the Immigration Office Class I Non TPI Pati in 2022. The development of information technology through e-government is also utilized by the Directorate General Immigration to make changes to better services. The government which has a function as a public service provider and in line with the demands of the development of globalization is the government's obligation to make improvements in these public services. One of them is the launch of the M-Passport application. By using a descriptive research method with a qualitative approach to produce an in-depth description of the effectiveness of using the M-Passport application at the Immigration Office Class 1 Non TPI Pati. The results of the study found that the effectiveness of using the M-Passport application at the Class I Immigration Office of Non TPI Pati, judging from what was the basis for this application, could be said to be running quite well. This can be seen from several factors, including even though the number of applicants is large, the occurrence of crowds can be minimized. In addition, there is a time saving in the procedure for making M-Passports. However, regarding the effectiveness of the M-Passport application, there are also several obstacles such as the lack of public understanding in using the online facilities provided, frequent errors in inputting scanned data that should not be included in the requirements for making passports or changing passports.   Keywords: Effectiveness, M-Passport Applicatio